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        data-chapter-title="信号机制"
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                        Flask框架
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                            <b>1.</b>
                        
                        视图及路由
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                            <b>1.1.</b>
                        
                        Flask简介
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                            <b>1.2.</b>
                        
                        虚拟环境
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                            <b>1.3.</b>
                        
                        HelloWorld
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                            <b>1.4.</b>
                        
                        相关配置参数
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                            <b>1.5.</b>
                        
                        路由基本定义
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                            <b>1.6.</b>
                        
                        视图常用逻辑
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                            <b>1.7.</b>
                        
                        正则匹配路由
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                            <b>1.8.</b>
                        
                        异常捕获
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                            <b>1.9.</b>
                        
                        请求勾子
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                            <b>1.10.</b>
                        
                        装饰器路由具体实现
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                            <b>1.11.</b>
                        
                        获取请求参数
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                            <b>1.12.</b>
                        
                        状态保持
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                            <b>1.12.1.</b>
                        
                        Cookie
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                            <b>1.12.2.</b>
                        
                        Session
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                            <b>1.13.</b>
                        
                        上下文
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                            <b>1.14.</b>
                        
                        Flask-Script
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                            <b>2.</b>
                        
                        模板
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                            <b>2.1.</b>
                        
                        Jinja2简介
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                            <b>2.2.</b>
                        
                        模板的使用
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                            <b>2.3.</b>
                        
                        过滤器
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                            <b>2.4.</b>
                        
                        自定义过滤器
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                            <b>2.5.</b>
                        
                        控制代码块
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                            <b>2.6.</b>
                        
                        模板代码复用
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                            <b>2.6.1.</b>
                        
                        宏
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                            <b>2.6.2.</b>
                        
                        继承
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                            <b>2.6.3.</b>
                        
                        包含
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                            <b>2.7.</b>
                        
                        特有变量和函数
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                            <b>2.8.</b>
                        
                        Flask-WTF表单
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                            <b>2.9.</b>
                        
                        CSRF
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                            <b>3.</b>
                        
                        数据库
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                            <b>3.1.</b>
                        
                        ORM
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                            <b>3.2.</b>
                        
                        Flask-SQLAlchemy安装及配置
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                            <b>3.3.</b>
                        
                        数据库的基本操作
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                            <b>3.4.</b>
                        
                        综合案例-图书管理
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                            <b>3.4.1.</b>
                        
                        定义模型
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                            <b>3.4.2.</b>
                        
                        数据库表创建&amp;测试数据添加
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                            <b>3.4.3.</b>
                        
                        数据显示&amp;表单添加
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                            <b>3.4.4.</b>
                        
                        表单验证
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                            <b>3.4.5.</b>
                        
                        删除数据
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                            <b>3.5.</b>
                        
                        多对多演练
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="3.6" data-path="shu-ju-ku/shu-ju-ku-qian-yi.html">
            
                
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                            <b>3.6.</b>
                        
                        数据库迁移
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                            <b>3.7.</b>
                        
                        信号机制
                    </a>
            
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="3.8" data-path="shu-ju-ku/chang-jian-guan-xi-mo-ban-dai-ma.html">
            
                
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                            <b>3.8.</b>
                        
                        常见关系模板代码
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="4" data-path="lan-tu-dan-yuan-ce-shi.html">
            
                
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                            <b>4.</b>
                        
                        蓝图&amp;单元测试
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                            <b>4.1.</b>
                        
                        蓝图
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                            <b>4.2.</b>
                        
                        单元测试
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<h2 id="flask&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x673A;&#x5236;">Flask&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x673A;&#x5236;</h2>
<ul>
<li>Flask&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;(signals, or event hooking)&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x7279;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x7AEF;&#x901A;&#x77E5;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x8005;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x4E86;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#xFF08;&#x65E2;&#x7136;&#x77E5;&#x9053;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x4E86;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x4E1A;&#x52A1;&#x9700;&#x6C42;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</li>
<li>Flask&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#xFF08;&#x6838;&#x5FC3;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#xFF09;&#x4E14;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x4E8E;<strong>Blinker</strong>&#x5E93;&#x3002;<pre><code>pip install blinker
</code></pre></li>
<li>flask&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#xFF1A;<a href="http://docs.jinkan.org/docs/flask/api.html#id17" target="_blank">http://docs.jinkan.org/docs/flask/api.html#id17</a><pre><code class="lang-python">template_rendered = _signals.signal(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;template-rendered&apos;</span>)
request_started = _signals.signal(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;request-started&apos;</span>)
request_finished = _signals.signal(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;request-finished&apos;</span>)
request_tearing_down = _signals.signal(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;request-tearing-down&apos;</span>)
got_request_exception = _signals.signal(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;got-request-exception&apos;</span>)
appcontext_tearing_down = _signals.signal(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;appcontext-tearing-down&apos;</span>)
appcontext_pushed = _signals.signal(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;appcontext-pushed&apos;</span>)
appcontext_popped = _signals.signal(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;appcontext-popped&apos;</span>)
message_flashed = _signals.signal(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;message-flashed&apos;</span>)
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x573A;&#x666F;">&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x573A;&#x666F;</h3>
<p>Flask-User &#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x4E2D;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E86;&#x540D;&#x4E3A; user_logged_in &#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x6210;&#x529F;&#x767B;&#x5165;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x8BE5;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x53BB;&#x8FFD;&#x8E2A;&#x767B;&#x5F55;&#x6B21;&#x6570;&#x548C;&#x767B;&#x5F55;IP&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> flask <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> request
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> flask_user.signals <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> user_logged_in

<span class="hljs-decorator">@user_logged_in.connect_via(app)</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">track_logins</span><span class="hljs-params">(sender, user, **extra)</span>:</span>
    user.login_count += <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
    user.last_login_ip = request.remote_addr
    db.session.add(user)
    db.session.commit()
</code></pre>
<h2 id="flasksqlalchemy-&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x652F;&#x6301;">Flask-SQLAlchemy &#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x652F;&#x6301;</h2>
<p>&#x5728; Flask-SQLAlchemy &#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;0.10 &#x7248;&#x672C;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x5230;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x6765;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x5230;&#x5E95;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x4E86;&#x7684;&#x901A;&#x77E5;&#x3002;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x4E8E;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>models_committed<ul>
<li>&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x5728;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x63D0;&#x4EA4;&#x5230;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x65F6;&#x53D1;&#x51FA;&#x3002;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x8005;&#x662F;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x6A21;&#x578B; &#x548C; &#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x7B26; &#x4EE5; (model, operation) &#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x7ED9;&#x63A5;&#x53D7;&#x8005;&#x7684; changes &#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x8BE5;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x662F;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x5230;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x63D2;&#x5165;&#xFF0C;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x662F; &apos;insert&apos; &#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x5DF2;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x662F; &apos;delete&apos; &#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x4E86;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x5217;&#xFF0C;&#x4F1A;&#x662F; &apos;update&apos; &#x3002;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>before_models_committed<ul>
<li>&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x521A;&#x597D;&#x5728;&#x63D0;&#x4EA4;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x524D;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0E; models_committed &#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="lang-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> flask_sqlalchemy <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> models_committed

<span class="hljs-comment"># &#x7ED9; models_committed &#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x8005;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x4E3A;&#x5F53;&#x524D; app</span>
<span class="hljs-decorator">@models_committed.connect_via(app)</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">models_committed</span><span class="hljs-params">(a, changes)</span>:</span>
    print(a, changes)
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x5BF9;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x589E;&#x5220;&#x6539;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</p>
</blockquote>

                    
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